Art & Lifestyle 1 May 2020

一生追逐現代藝術，線上欣賞名媛收藏家 Peggy Guggenheim 旗下美術館不能錯過的珍貴館藏

任誰喜歡藝術應該都想成為 Peggy Guggenheim ——用一生來收集藝術品，與藝術家談戀愛，晚年移居水都威尼斯，買下一整座宮殿並在去世後轉作美術館，開放給大家參觀其珍藏，推動現代藝術的貢獻有目共睹。美術館成立40週年之際，於其官網亦能欣賞珍貴館藏，由畢加索到 Jackson Pollock，以下為你介紹不能錯過的藝術品，做好功課，疫情過後去見真身。

by Karma Cheung

這位將現代藝術（Modern Art）推向巔峰的美國藝術收藏家、名流 Peggy Guggenheim （1898－1979）出生於美國的瑞士猶太世家 Guggenheim 家族，他們以礦業起家其後轉投慈善及藝術收藏範疇，其伯父Solomon R. Guggenheim 為紐約 Guggenheim 基金會創辦人。同樣喜愛藝術的 Peggy Guggenheim，因為第一任丈夫藝術家Laurence Vail及密友 Dada主義者 Marcel Duchamp 的關係，對現代藝術產生極大興趣，於1938年至1946年間大量收集及收藏歐洲和美國藝術品。

1948年，Peggy Guggenheim 在威尼斯藝術雙年展希臘館中展出收藏品，其後毅然選擇定居在威尼斯，並買下這座宮殿作為居住及擺放自己收藏藝術品的地點。居住三十年，在她1980年離世數月後，這座宮殿最後捐贈給古根漢基金會並成立美術館，對外開放展示瑰麗館藏，包括立體派、超現實主義、未來主義、抽象表現主義作品等。現在，Peggy Guggenheim Collection 佩姬·古根漢美術館已經是藝壇舉足輕重、致力於現代藝術的頂級博物館之一，亦是去威尼斯必到訪之處。

我不是收藏家，我就是一座美術館。I am not an art collector. I am a museum.

Peggy Guggenheim

Peggy Guggenheim on Canal Grande, birthday ' 50.

今年來到建館40週年的同時，Peggy Guggenheim Collection 跟不少博物館一樣，亦提供線上虛擬觀看選項，讓大家安坐家中都能欣賞到藝術品，還有線上藝術講座供大家了解藝術品。由畢加索 Picasso 畫作，到抽象表現主義（Abstract Expressionism）領軍大師 Jackson Pollack 的作品，都能在這個藝術館裡面看到。在美術館成立四十週年之際，以下精選值得細看的館藏。

官網：https://www.guggenheim-venice.it/en/art/works/

PICASSO

現代藝術最重要的藝術家之一，畢卡索 Picasso（1881-1973）不少名畫散落各地，而 Peggy Guggenheim Collection 內則有其罕見珍貴畫作。

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LA PGC A CASA TUA ❤️ – VOICE YOUR CHOICE. Voi scegliete l'opera, noi ve la raccontiamo. Questa sera parliamo di.. . Pablo Picasso, "Lo studio", 1928 . Nell'opera la compressione dello studio in uno spazio bidimensionale è violata solo dal sovrapporsi del dipinto con la cornice gialla alla tavola rossa e, in maniera più sottile, dalle due mele sulla tavola: il rosso e il verde, opposti nel cerchio cromatico, vibrano visivamente e rifiutano di condividere la medesima superficie. Picasso confonde l’identità delle “figure”: la “donna” è solo abbozzata (le mancano, ad esempio, gli arti e il seno), ma le omissioni sono compensate dalle linee nere e dalle mele, a indicare come il dipinto sia anche il nudo della modella nello studio. Picasso crea una visione che sfida il nostro bisogno di trovare nelle immagini dei riferimenti in natura, senza abbandonarsi alla libertà dell’artista di dipingere ciò che desidera. . Pablo Picasso, "The Studio", 1928 . The compression of The Studio’s space into two dimensions is violated only by the overlapping of the tall painting framed in yellow with the red table, and more subtly, by the two apples on the table: as opposites on the color circle, red and green optically vibrate and refuse to sit in the same surface plane. Picasso confuses the identities of his ‘figures’: for example, the ‘woman’ in the painting is lacking much of her anatomy (limbs and breasts for example) but these omissions are supplied by the black lines and the apples, indicating that the painting is also at the same time the (nude) model in the studio. Picasso has created an image which tempts us with our need to link images to things we know in nature, without surrendering the artist’s liberty to paint what he wishes. . #LArteResiste #MuseumFromHome #MySweetQuarantine #PeggyGuggenheimCollection

A post shared by Peggy Guggenheim Collection (@guggenheim_venice) on Apr 20, 2020 at 11:14am PDT

RENÉ MAGRITTE

比利時超現實主義畫家René Magritte （1898-1967），以帶有些許詼諧及引人深思的符號特色而聞名，他對於現實而提出的挑戰，影響著當今藝術發展。

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?? Tra le opere più amate del museo, che cosa si cela dietro a "L'impero della luce" di Magritte? Che lettura si può dare di questa tela tanto misteriosa quanto affascinante? Domani lo scrittore Tiziano Scarpa ne darà una sua interpretazione, servendosi delle categorie dello psicologo Ignacio Matte Blanco. Ultimo appuntamento con INCROCI, ore 11 in inglese, ore 15 in italiano. Ingresso gratuito per i residenti della Città metropolitana di Venezia #PeggyGuggenheimCollection #UltimaDogaressa . . ?? Tomorrow at 11 am (in English) and 3 pm (In Italian), Tiziano Scarpa, novelist, poet and playwright, will meet the public offering a personal point of view on René Magritte’s masterpiece, "Empire of Light" (1953-54), on view in the exhibition "Peggy Guggenheim. The Last Dogaressa". The meeting will be held in the exhibition galleries. Free upon purchase of the museum ticket #PeggyGuggenheimCollection #LastDogaressa

A post shared by Peggy Guggenheim Collection (@guggenheim_venice) on Oct 22, 2019 at 10:59pm PDT

SALVADOR DALÍ

在自傳中，Peggy 將美術館中唯一的 Dalí （1904-1989）畫作稱為其最難買的收藏品，大家不妨去網上欣賞。

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"Intelligence without ambition is a bird without wings" – Happy B'Day Salvador Dalí. By the time Dalí joined the Surrealist group in 1929, he had formulated his “paranoid-critical” approach to art, which consisted in conveying his deepest psychological conflicts to the viewer in the hopes of eliciting an empathetic response. One of his hallucinatory obsessions was the legend of William Tell, which represented for him the archetypal theme of paternal assault. The subject occurs frequently in his paintings, as in “Birth of Liquid Desires” (1931-32) from our collection. #SalvadorDalí #PeggyGuggenheimCollection

A post shared by Peggy Guggenheim Collection (@guggenheim_venice) on May 11, 2018 at 2:58am PDT

JACKSON POLLOCK

美國抽象表現主義的靈魂人物 Jackson Pollock（1912-1956），以獨創的滴畫而改寫美國現代藝術史。

PIET MONDRIAN

荷蘭畫家 Piet Mondrian（1872-1944）以獨特畫風自成一格。自稱「新造型主義」，又稱「幾何形體派」，他的作品對建築、設計、時尚等影響亦很顯著。

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?? IO RESTO A CASA – VOICE YOU CHOICE. Voi scegliete l'opera, noi ve la raccontiamo. Stasera parliamo di.. . Piet Mondrian "Composizione n. 1 con grigio e rosso 1938 / Composizione con rosso 1939", 1938–39 . Dal 1938 al 1940 Piet Mondrian vive a Londra e continua a lavorare nei modi semplificati del Neoplasticismo elaborati in Francia, secondo i quali linee nere orizzontali e verticali si intersecano in un equilibrio asimmetrico, formando quadrilateri piatti bianchi, o colorati. I colori sono ridotti al nero, al bianco e ai colori primari. Separando completamente la forma da ogni riferimento naturalistico, Mondrian si propone di fornire un equivalente visivo delle verità insite nella natura, ma nascoste dalle sue manifestazioni casuali e frammentarie. . ?? Piet Mondrian "Composition No. 1 with Grey and Red 1938 / Composition with Red 1939", 1938 – 39 . From 1938 to 1940 Piet Mondrian lived in London and continued working in the highly reductivist Neo-Plastic mode he had developed in France, in which horizontal and vertical black lines intersect in asymmetrically balanced relationships to yield flat white or colored quadrilaterals. The palette is restricted to black, white, and primary colors. By divorcing form completely from its referential meaning, Mondrian hoped to provide a visual equivalent for the truths that inhabit nature but are concealed in its random, flawed manifestations. . . #Iorestoacasa #larteresiste #mysweetquarantine #PeggyGuggenheimCollection #museumfromhome

A post shared by Peggy Guggenheim Collection (@guggenheim_venice) on Mar 16, 2020 at 12:15pm PDT

MAX ERNST

Peggy的第二任丈夫 Max Ernst（1891-1976）是一名多產的德國藝術家，精通繪畫、雕塑、圖像藝術、寫詩等，是Dada運動及超現實主義運動的主要領軍人物。

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"Creativity is that marvelous capacity to grasp mutually distinct realities and draw a spark from their juxtaposition". Happy B'Day Max Ernst, a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and Surrealism, 2nd husband of Peggy Guggenheim. Among his works from our collection his "Attirement of the Bride" (1940): an example of Ernst’s veristic or illusionistic Surrealism, in which a traditional technique is applied to an incongruous or unsettling subject. #MaxErnst #PeggyGuggenheimCollection . . . "Attirement of the Bride (La Toilette de la mariée)", 1940 / © Max Ernst, by SIAE 2018

A post shared by Peggy Guggenheim Collection (@guggenheim_venice) on Apr 2, 2018 at 2:56am PDT

Rene Caovilla

意大利晚宴鞋品牌 Rene Caovilla 的創辦人 Rene Fernando Caovilla 與 Peggy Guggenheim在1960年代後期結緣，對Peggy有深厚的敬仰之情。館內亦有多雙Rene Caovilla如藝術品般的鞋履。Rene Caovilla 成為古根漢收藏館最重要的贊助者之一，支持文化和藝術的發展。